You may want to behind the scenes in the process of creating the work, or you have to do it yourself.
The previous article "Backing work -contours-Continuing from, Mr. Yasunori Monobe, the representative of Monobe Painting Sendo, who has been active as a verbalist in Kyoto, taught the basic technique of backing.
Basic process of backing
The backing technique of Japan is called "throwing (throwing)".
The process of putting back papers on this paper with Japanese paper and silk book is different, so we will explain each step.
When working on a backing, we recommend that you lay a waterproof and smooth board such as an acrylic board on the workbench. If the material is easy to eat uneven boards and paper, it will be difficult to peel off, or it will be a factor in damage to the work.
[Paste back paper]
◾️ Washi
① Preparation of this paper (work)
Prepare this paper.
Since it is cut off to the size of the work after the backing, let's leave a large margin one size larger than the actual size (finished size).
If there is little breakdown or produced in actual size, the accuracy of the work will be higher accordingly.
Therefore, for works that require a backing, please consider selecting the size of the basal material and the production method that takes into account the cut off.
② Draw water to this paper (work)
Draw water on the back of the paper.
Lay a piece of paper under the front and back paper, and moisten the entire back with a water brush or sprayer.
Japanese paper is excellent in elasticity, stretches when wet, and shrinks when dried.
By wetting and drying the back of this paper and the back of the skin, both sides extend and contract, wrinkles and sagging, and a beautiful tension.
The paper on the bottom is not Japanese paper, but can be used to make a paper, high quality paper, copy paper, etc.
Please be careful as the printed and colored paper may dissolve ink and dye and transfer to the work by getting wet.
・ In the case of water brush
Draw water on the entire back of the paper with a water brush.
Sprinkle the ears firmly, shake it several times and drain.
However, the back of the Japanese paper is easy for fibers to fluff, which can cause damage if force is applied. Please pull the brush quietly as if you stroked it.
Especially in the case of a work that is particularly large, if you do not work quickly, the part that was applied first will dry out.
Especially when this paper is thick, it is necessary to pull it firmly because it is hard to stain.
On the other hand, in the case of thin mouth, water is easy to penetrate, so if there is a lot of water, the paper on the main paper and the underlay will adhere to the wrinkles.
・ In the case of a sprayer
Put water in a sprayer and add plenty of water on the entire back of the paper.
Use a sprayer that can spray the fine of the particles and spray the fog.
For simple spraying, please refrain from using it because the water particles to be sprayed cannot be large and uniform.
This time, a work that was backed on a thin mulberry paper on a hairy mulberry and glue.
After natural drying, it was kept as it was without treatment, so there were quite a lot of paper and wrinkles, and the whole was wavy.
How beautiful will it be when a work in such a state is backed?
The above image is a water brush and a sprayer, with water drawn on the back of the work. If you leave it as it is, paper scorpions and wrinkles will remain.
If you use ink or glue like this work, there is a difference in hardness between the margin of the paper and the part drawn by the cracks and ink, and the water absorption is different. Therefore, the ink part is lightly moistened with water brush and softened.
In the case of partial work, it is a good idea to use a water brush that can be accurately wet.
Also, if the other parts are dry during partial work, moisture with a sprayer or water brush, and always be moist.
Similarly, if the rock paint is drawn with glue or Arabia rubber, etc., the difference in water absorption will occur, so please apply the same process.
However, if you use thin ink (ink with low polishing and highly moisture), or drawn on Japanese paper, which is not working on raw paper or dosa (dosa), the ink may cry when you draw water. there is. In that case, we recommend that you spray water with a sprayer.
③ Extend wrinkles
Stretch the wrinkles of this paper with a brush.
Just doing water drawing is still wrinkled, so stretch it neatly with a brush.
At this time, if there is a dry part, water it will be moisturized with a water brush or sprayer.
This time, I used a tsug stroking brush.
To push out the air, go from the center to the outside, gradually gently push the wrinkles while pushing out with brush. If you draw a brush at once, it will cause broken wrinkles and damage.
In particular, the work drawn without watering like this time is likely to have a lot of tsure in the outline of the ink, especially in the case of thin Japanese paper. Be careful in the direction of stroking and stretch it carefully.
Also, if it seems to be dry at this time, please moisturize the whole as needed.
If the paper is thick, you can stroke it with a long stroke without turning it back.
The above image is a state where wrinkles are stretched by brush. The paper and wrinkles of the paper have become less noticeable.
Also,If you want to use rough rock paint with particles that make the picture skin uneven, put the paint after backing the base material.。
④ Glue
◾️A glue of Japanese paper
Draw glue on the back paper.
Please prepare glue brushes, thin glue, and back paper.
・ Glue brush
The thin glue is thin and uniform, so please use a moderate hair length and good brush containing glue.
·paste
Please prepare a cooked raw glue or a commercially available shoji glue that does not contain adhesive components.
・ Back paper
Please prepare the back of the skin or a thin (about 3 momme) mulberry paper.
The mulberry paper can be either raw or alumwater. The skin of the skin is a raw mulberry paper strained for backing.
If the size is one size larger than this paper, it will be easier to work later.
Kozo paper is suitable for backing because it has long fibers, thin but tough, supple, and resistant to water.
Even with the same Japanese paper, the Sanni paper and birds are glossy and beautiful, but hard and easy to wrinkle.
If you use a thin Japanese paper (2 momme or less), you may break it when you lift it in a wet state. If you are backing for the first time, please choose a moderate thickness and supple 3 momme.
Before losing glue uneven unevenness (End: unprofessional of glue / near central: There is a pool of glue)
《1. Pull glue on the surface of the back paper >>
Draw glue on the surface of the back paper.
Plenty of glue brushes are applied, and the pillow, bottom, left and right is pulled up, down, left and right, and the whole is penetrated throughout the paper. Please note that if you pull it all at once, you can cause wrinkles.
However, at this stage, there are places where glue pools and places that have not penetrated are scattered.
The brush should have the handle part as shown in the image below with the second finger, the third finger, and the first finger. Then you can rotate smoothly with one hand, making it easier to work.
Do not return (repainted), draw the vertical direction without stroking, pull from the back to the front, left and right in the horizontal direction, and draw at the brush interval. At that time, moderate gluing can be performed by alternately using the surface of the ears.
In addition, by using glue brushes, it is possible to apply thin, uneven, uneven glue, which is the point of back -to -side success.
《2. Eliminate painted unevenness and glue pool》
Elims the uneven pills and pool of glue.
Take excess glue on the ears at the edge of the turbulence, etc., and draw a straight brush in parallel to the paper.
In addition, if the pool remains, corruption and faint will lead to the detachment of the back paper due to lack of adhesive.
⑤ Back back
Left this paper.
<< 1. Lift the back paper >>
Lift the back paper with the glue applied.
However, it is difficult to lift wet thin paper by hand, soStickI will use.
Please prepare a thin strip -shaped thin tree or bamboo stick (board) with a length or higher on the back paper. A tree or bamboo ruler is fine.
As shown in the image above, set a stick (edge) of the stick at the width of the bar from the short paper end.
Slip the end of the back paper with your finger. Put it on the surface of the stick and lift it while holding down the back paper and stick with the left thumb and index finger.
After lift, snack the front corner with your right hand and the surface of the back paper is applied to the bottom.
( * The dominant hand is described as "right hand" according to the movement of the image.
Such work is a technique that can only use mulberry paper, with long fibers and resistant to water.
For example, a paper that breaks when the fiber gets short, such as a filter, cannot be lifted in a glue. If you use such a paper, use a technique called hell.
To hit the hell, put the paper on the board on the front and back, and attach the glue directly to the back paper.
《2. Paste on this paper》
Put the back paper on this paper.
The back side of the paper is up, and the surface of the back paper (the surface of the glue) is down,HangingPut it straight down from the edge of the side without a stick.
At this time, please check the front and back of the paper again. If you are a beginner, you may put a backing paper on the surface of this paper, so be careful until you get used to it.
If this paper (work) has a small or low surplus, or if the back paper is about the same, it is necessary to put a wet backing paper to the dimensions, which will increase the difficulty level.
Therefore, especially for beginners, please prepare a size that has enough time to this paper or backing paper as much as possible.
A state with a backing paper on the back of the paper (before adherence: There is bubbles between the book and the back papers)
Place the backing paper quietly so that the air does not enter as much as possible, and then drop it to the end, remove the stick.
Scenery that is stroking (brush used: Kyoto -shaped tug
<< 3. Follow this paper with the back paping.
This paper and back papers are made in close contact using brushes.
Lie down the brush of the tsug, and use the stomach of the ear to remove the air as if stroking the paper.
In the case of a large work, it will prevent wrinkles from the occurrence of wrinkles by stroking at the same time while lowering the back paper.
The wet back paper is delicate, and the back of the paper is easy to fluff, so it is important to work carefully without being impatient.
In addition, tsugu stroking brush has no alternative, and it is a necessity for paper backing.
The tsugs used in the ears of the brush are soft, water -repellent, and are very suitable for backing.
◾️ Silk book
The base material of silk fabrics such as picture silk and the book work drawn on it are called silk books.
Because of the animal fibers spinning from the silkworm cocoon, it is vulnerable to water and friction, and when it is wet and dried, it shrinks and creates wrinkles in crepe. Therefore, it is necessary to wet and shrink the silk book in advance with water.
In addition, the fiber shrinkage rate is higher than the paper, so if you apply a backing in the same way as Japanese paper, the paint will be peeled off.
① Preparation of this paper (work)
Prepare this paper.
Like Japanese paper, it will be cut off to the size of the work after lining, so let's leave a larger space one size larger than the actual size (finished size).
However, it will shrink firmly by water drawing in the next step, so please make it after considering it.
② Mizubiki
Drain this paper (work).
Please go this before the backing work the day before the backing work.
Lay a piece of paper under the front and back paper, and wet the entire work with a water brush or sprayer. About one afternoon night and night, place it on a blanket or cloth to dry it to contract the silk.
In the case of water brush, do not rub strongly, pull out from the center.
In addition, paint may cry even in silk books. If you are worried, it is safe to use a sprayer, not a water brush.
The basic tools and methods are the same as Japanese paper when performing with water brush or sprayer.
However, in large works, repeat the same work a few times until the silk book shrinks.
Silk drainage landscape using a sprayer
③ Glue
Draw glue on the back paper.
Please prepare glue brushes, solid glue and back papers.
・ Glue brush
For solid glueUse a short -length brush of hair length.
·paste
Prepare a cooked raw glue or a commercially available shoji glue that does not contain chemical adhesive components, and well kneaded with a brush.
・ Back paper
Please prepare the back of the skin or a thin mulberry paper about one size larger than this paper. In the back paper of the silk book, the fabric is chewed on the paper, so it can be thin (3 momme or less). However, thin paper is easy to break when glue or lift it is difficult to handle. If you are not used to the handling of wet paper, it will be easier to work with a thickness of about 3 momme.
《1. Pull glue on the surface of the back paper >>
Draw glue on the surface of the back paper.
The basic method is the same as Japanese paper. Please refer to the item "Washi ④ Glue".
However, do not pull the brush strongly because the glue is hard. It may cause the backing paper to fluff or break.
《2. Eliminate painted unevenness and glue pool》
Elims the uneven pills and pool of glue.
Put plenty of glue on the brush and stretch so that it cannot be pooled.
④ Steamed the paper and put the back papers
Steam this paper and paste the back paper.
At this point, the silk book is dry. It is difficult to back hitting as it is, so use the back papnic paper to give the this paper humidity.
<< 2. Put a backing paper on this paper >>
Put the back paper on this paper.
After a few minutes, turn the front and back of the back paper and paste it on the paper with the glue surface down.
At this time, it is a good idea to paste it while using a brush when removing the back paper.
The difference from Japanese paper is where there is a weaving unevenness. If it is difficult to pull out the bubbles and wrinkles, you can also fine -tune them, such as lifting the back paper.
After placing the backing paper, stroking it firmly, stroking it with a brush and adhered to the paper, the next pressing process can be performed smoothly.
Please refer to "Washi ⑤ Back Hit" for basic backing paper.
⑤ Back (pressing)
Left the paper and press the back paper.
The back of the silk book is hit by a brush and pressed. By tapping, the fiber of the back paper is entangled in the weave of the silk book.
If this process is dried in the state of ④, the silk book shrinks, a crepe wrinkle is formed, and it will peel off from the back paper.
The ears of the brush are tsug and shro. It is a brush that is used only for the backing of cracks (textiles, fabrics) such as silk books, and this is also a necessity.
Because it is thick and heavy, you can push the split and backing paper without applying extra force by hitting it on the ear surface.
In addition, it becomes a supple paper while tightening firmly by pressing firmly, and even if it is rounded with a scroll, the paper and back papers do not come off or broken.
How to hold a brush
《1. Hold the brush / moisture of the tip of the tip》
It has a hitting brush and checks the wetness of the tip.
Rather than holding the handle, hold the ball thick part with the first finger and the second to five fingers.
Having this way will apply pressure to the entire surface of the ear.
If the ears are dry, add water to your hands, stroke the tip, and moisten it with a small amount of water. If the ears are dry, it will lead to damage to back papers and works, so be sure to check.
<< 2. Press with a brush to press. >>
Hit with a brush and press this paper and back papers.
Unlike the brush vertically from the position above the fist, not from a high position, without gaps in order from the end. If you drop the brush diagonally, the backing paper will be damaged and the pressure will be weakened.
The point is to hit the face using the weight of the brush.
Proceed with the width of the brush and hit at the same pace with fine and equal power.
<< 3. Prepare the paper skin of the back paper >>
Prepare the paper skin of the back paper.
After hitting with a hitting brush, the fiber of the back paper is fluffy.
Use a brush to stroke the fiber and prepare your paper skin. Let's do it at this time, as it will be hard to fix later.
The process after this is the same for both Japanese paper and silk books.
[Temporary tension -finish] (common to Japanese paper / silk book)
It is a temporary tension, and it is finally the finishing work.
Temporary tension is to stick a backed paper, etc., and to dry it flat.
Please prepare temporary tension plates, end paper, and brushes.
・ Temporary tension plate
The temporary tension plate in the backing is a tool in which the surface of the cedar white is a lattice -shaped, and a durable paper -like mulberry paper on the front and back is a tool that applies persimmon astringent to several layers. Masu.
Persimmon astringent is a natural dye that has a water -repellent effect when applied and dried. Since ancient times, it has been used for processing paper and cloth products, building materials, etc. Painting persimmon astringent on paper makes it a moderate smooth surface, has less paper and glue, and has the effect of making it easier to peel off paper and cracks.
However, temporary papers takes time and effort, and are often made in the front tool workshop, which is generally very difficult to obtain.
As an alternative, please prepare a smooth veneer plate and other wooden plates and panels with cashew paint and dried.
Cashew paint is a synthetic paint made from the cushew nut shell extract. The grasshe in the family of Urushi contains a component similar to lacquer, and has a characteristic close to persimmon astringent.
When using a board, the plate thickness of about 10cm to 15cm is desirable because the thin plate is distorted. Depending on the size you make, please consider the size and mobility.
There are solid materials (non -painted plates) and acrylic plates that are easy to obtain, but solids have good moisture absorption and eat paper, and plastic like acrylic plate is too slippery and before it dries. It will fall.
・Spatula paper (spatula paper)）
SpatulaBy attaching, it is easier to work when peeling off the dried paper from the board.
It is a good idea to cut the surplus back paper into a strip.
① Temporary tension
Temporarily stretch the backed this paper.
《1. SpatulaIs attached >>
SpatulaIs attached.
Glue on the four sides of the back papers so that this paper does not stick to this paper, and attach an appropriate amount to the edge of the margin.
Work scenery with silk books tentative
《2. Temporary tension》
Temporary tension.
Lift the end of the back paper quietly with your fingers and put the back paper on the temporary phase.
With a brush, stroke only on all sides of the back paper (the portion with glue) and glue it to the temporary tone plate.
If the underlined paper is attached to the paper, peel off after bonding.
《3. Put the air》
Insert the air between the backed paper and the temporary tone plate.
SpatulaGently pinch the base of the base, raise the paper a little, and breathe in.
By blowing the air between the boards and the board, the adhesion prevents adhesions and the work dries flat.
SpatulaIt is optional, but it is better to put it in a place where air is easy to inflow when breathing is blown.
② Drying
Dry the provisional paper.
Dry it naturally in a quiet place such as indoors.
Drying rapidly with direct sunlight and strong winds can cause deterioration, pain, and insufficient finishing of the work.
③ Peel off the paper from the temporary tension plate
Peel off the paper from the temporary papers.
After dryingSpatulaInsert the bamboo bamboo into the gap of the place where the area is attached. The image uses a painting knife (penting knife).
If you have a sharp point, such as a cutter knife, it is likely that this paper will be damaged, so use a thin blade with rounded edges, such as plastic, trees, and bamboo. L -shaped knives are easier to use than flat -like pallet knives.
Next, place the knife along the board and peel off the back paper.
If you peel off only the four corners (corners) on the paper, it is recommended that it will be uniformly applied to this paper and it is less likely to wrinkle.However, it depends on the size and material of this paper, so please do it in a way that is easy to peel off.
④ Finishing
We will do the finishing work.
Cut this paper and it's done.
《UNTITLED》 Natsuko shiraishi, (under production / part)
Paper, ink, glue
The paper and wrinkles of the paper have grown, and the contrast and gradation of the ink color have become clearer than before.
For details of brush and glue, please refer to this article.
Backing work -contours-
A technology built by tools, materials, and a familiar craftsman experience at the root of the inherited technique.
By knowing the backing, I feel like the characteristics of paper and silk books again.
Yasunori Monobe
Traditional craftsman, a traditional craftsman designated by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
Representative Director of Monobe Painting Senshodo Co., Ltd.
Kyoto University of the Arts Lecturer
Monobe Art Sendo Co., Ltd.
Opened in Kyoto in Kyoto 34, inherited traditional skills as a verbalist for the fourth generation.
Reference material
The Kyoto Metropolitan Metropolitan Association "Encyclopedia of the Tools" (Federation of Kyo Table Equipment Cooperative Associations 2011)
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